Transdermal

Parkinson's disease (PD), affecting about ten million people globally, presents a significant health challenge. Rotigotine (RTG), a dopamine agonist, is...

Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder that results from abnormal levels of neurotransmitters in the brain. Risperidone (RIS) is a common...

Transdermal administration remains an active research and development area as an alternative route for long-acting drug delivery. It avoids major...

Abstract Diclofenac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is commonly prescribed for managing osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and post-surgical pain. However, oral administration...

The main active cannabinoids in extracts of Cannabis sativa L., cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) and tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), are known for their pharmacological...

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease primarily impacting neurons responsible for dopamine production within the brain. Pramipexole (PRA)...

In vitro permeation studies play a crucial role in early formulation optimisation before extensive animal model investigations. Biological membranes are typically...

Abstract Nanobody molecules, derived from heavy-chain only antibodies in camelids, represent the next generation of biotherapeutics. In addition to low...

Caring for patients Patient preferences and needs as well as therapeutic indication should be considered at early stage of development...

Hydrogel-forming microneedles (HF-MNs) are composed of unique cross-linked polymers that are devoid of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) within the...