In Vitro-In Vivo Correlation Of Amorphous Solid Dispersion Enabled Itraconazole Tablets
Purpose
There are scarce reports on in vitro–in vivo correlation (IVIVC) model development of immediate-release (IR) formulations, and few investigations of the impacts of formulation and process of spray-dried solid dispersions (SDD)-based tablets on human pharmacokinetics (PK), despite commercial product successes. The goal of this study was to investigate the formulation and process factors that impact bioavailability enhancement of IR itraconazole SDD tablets; and to develop an FDA level A IVIVC that would predict in vivo PK performance from in vitro dissolution testing.
Methods
A direct, differential-equation-based IVIVC model approach was employed, using an oral solution for post-dissolution disposition and Fast-, Medium-, and Slow-release tablets.
Results
The IVIVC met FDA internal predictability for level A IVIVC requirements. The in vitro dissolution employed USP simulated intestinal fluid (phosphate buffer), adjusted pH 6.4, and tablets were triturated into particles prior to their immersion into dissolution media to mimic the attenuated disintegration difference between Medium and Slow in vivo. Credibility assessment of the FDA level A IVIVC model was performed, including model verification and validation considerations in light of the question of interest, the context of use, and model risk.
Conclusion
To our knowledge, this is the first and only study that successfully developed an FDA level A IVIVC of an amorphous solid dispersion, which assessed the impact of grades of the same polymer, disintegrant level, and dry granulation processing on the performance of SDD tablets in humans.
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Materials
Hypromellose acetate succinate (HPMCAS, Aquasolve) grades -L and -M were sourced from Ashland (Covington, KY). Itraconazole USP grade was purchased from Letco Medical (Wayne, PA). Dichloromethane and methanol (NF grade) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Silicified microcrystalline cellulose NF and sodium starch glycolate NF were sourced from JRS Pharma (Patterson, NY). Magnesium stearate NF was obtained from Spectrum Pharmaceuticals (Henderson, NV). Purified water was from a Barnstead GenPure purification system (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA). HPLC-grade sodium phosphate monobasic, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, methanol, and triethylamine were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO).
Coutinho, A.L., Adhikari, A., Krug, S. et al. In Vitro–In Vivo Correlation Of Amorphous Solid Dispersion Enabled Itraconazole Tablets. Pharm Res (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-025-03837-z