Mechanisms and Pharmaceutical Application of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles as Efficient Drug Delivery System
Abstract
A solid lipid nanoparticle provides the opportunity of developing new therapies due to their unique size-dependent characteristics. They are a small particle that ranges between 1-100 nm in size. Lipid nanoparticles have risen in popularity in this context due to their widespread acceptance as nontoxic, biocompatible, and simplified formulation. They are safe, efficacious, and scalable enough to be made on a large scale and advanced to clinical usage. Pharmaceutical uses of lipid nanocarriers include the transport and distribution of a wide range of therapeutic agents, from biotechnological products to tiny drug molecules. This review begins with a brief summary of the common starting materials used to make Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs), as well as their screening, SLNs formulation principles, and various methods used to formulate SLNs along with its diverse applications.
Introduction
Nanoparticles are colloidal particles very small i.e. 10-1000 nanometers in size. They are made of synthetic/natural polymers and are designed to improve drug delivery while lowering toxicity. They have evolved into a versatile alternative to liposomes as medication carriers over time. Nanoparticles (NP) are able to cross many anatomical barriers and releases their contents for the prolonged period, and their stability in the nanoscale size are all
important factors in the effective use of NP for drug delivery. Solid lipid nanoparticles are at the vanguard of the rapidly emerging field of nanotechnology, with a wide range of potential uses in medication delivery, clinical treatment, research, and other fields (Mukherjee S, et al., 2009).
Lipid Nanoparticles (LNPs) (Figure 1) provides an opportunity of developing new therapies due to their unique size-dependent characteristics. Lipids have been proposed as an alternate carrier to avoid the constraints of polymeric NP, notably for lipophilic medicines. SLNs are a type of LNPs that is receiving a lot of interests from formulators all over the world. SLNs are appealing because of their potential to increase the performance of medicines, neutraceuticals, and other materials due to their small size, vast surface area, high drug loading, and phase interaction at interfaces (Argimón M, et al., 2017).
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Table 1: Lipids that are commonly employed in the manufacture of SLNs and NLCs (Khatak S and Dureja H, 2017; Gordillo-Galeano A and Mora-Huertas CE, 2018)
| Category | Examples |
|---|---|
| Triglycerides | Tricaprin (Dynasan 110™), Trilaurin (Dynasan 112), Trimyristin (Dynasan 114), Tripalmitin (Dynasan 116), Tristearin (Dynasan 118) |
| Fatty acids | Stearic acid, Oleic acid, Palmitic acid, Behenic acid |
| Monoglycerides | Glyceryl monostearate (Imwitor 900, Geleol), Glyceryl behenate (Compritol 888 ATO), Glyceryl palmitostearate (Precirol® ATO 5) |
| Mixtures | Witepsol W35 (A mixture of 65%-80% of tri glycerides, 10%-35% of diglycerides and 1%-5% of monoglycerides) |
| Witepsol H35 (triglycerides with portions of maximum 15% of diglycerides and maximum 1% of monoglycerides), Medium-chain triglycerides caprylic/capric (Miglyol®) |
|
| Fatty alcohols | Stearyl alcohol, Cetyl alcohol, Lauryl alcohol |
| Waxes | Cetyl palmitate, Beeswax, Carnauba wax |
| Amphoterics | Soybean lecithin (Lipoid S75, Lipoid S 100), Egg lec ithin (Lipoid E) Phosphatidylcholine (Epikuron 170, Epikuron 200) |
| Co-surfactants | Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), Butanol, Propylene glycol, Polyethylene glycol. |
Ashish B Wadekar, Jagdish V Manwar, Ravindra L Bakal, Dipak D Kumbhar, Mechanisms and Pharmaceutical Application of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles as Efficient Drug Delivery System, Systematic Review Pharmacy, Vol 13, Issue 10 Sept Oct , 2022
DOI: 10.31858/0975-8453.13.10.997-1004