Effect of micro- and nanoparticle shape on biological processes

In the drug delivery field, there is beyond doubt that the shape of micro- and nanoparticles (M&NPs) critically affects their biological fate. Herein, following an introduction describing recent technological advances for designing nonspherical M&NPs, we highlight the role of particle shape in cell capture, subcellular distribution, intracellular drug delivery, and cytotoxicity.

Highlights

• Cell uptake and intracellular distribution are mediated by particle shape

• Nonspherical particles had a better escaping capability to macrophages

• Nonspherical particles had a higher margination and adhesion to the endothelial wall

• They displayed a longer circulation time and a slower elimination rate

• They showed in several endeavours a higher accumulation in the tumoral tissue

Then, we discuss theoretical approaches for understanding the shape effect on particle internalization by the cell membrane. Subsequently, recent advances on shape-dependent behaviors of M&NPs in the systemic circulation were detailed. In particular, the interaction of M&NPs with blood proteins, biodistribution, and circulation under flow conditions were analyzed. Finally, the hurdles and future directions for developing nonspherical M&NPs were underscored.

See the article

Hicheme Hadji, Kawthar Bouchemal,
Effect of micro- and nanoparticle shape on biological processes,
Journal of Controlled Release,
2021,ISSN 0168-3659,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.12.032.