Quality by Design of Pranoprofen Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers and Their Ex Vivo Evaluation in Different Mucosae and Ocular Tissues
Transmucosal delivery is commonly used to prevent or treat local diseases. Pranoprofen is an anti-inflammatory drug prescribed in postoperative cataract surgery, intraocular lens implantation, chorioretinopathy, uveitis, age-related macular degeneration or cystoid macular edema. Pranoprofen can also be used for acute and chronic management of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
Quality by Design (QbD) provides a systematic approach to drug development and maps the influence of the formulation components. The aim of this work was to develop and optimize a nanostructured lipid carrier by means of the QbD and factorial design suitable for the topical management of inflammatory processes on mucosal tissues. To this end, the nanoparticles loading pranoprofen were prepared by a high-pressure homogenization technique with Tween 80 as stabilizer and Lanette® 18 as the solid lipid.
From, the factorial design results, the PF-NLCs-N6 formulation showed the most suitable characteristics, which was selected for further studies. The permeability capacity of pranoprofen loaded in the lipid-based nanoparticles was evaluated by ex vivo transmucosal permeation tests, including buccal, sublingual, nasal, vaginal, corneal and scleral mucosae. The results revealed high permeation and retention of pranoprofen in all the tissues tested. According to the predicted plasma concentration at the steady-state, no systemic effects would be expected, any neither were any signs of ocular irritancy observed from the optimized formulation when tested by the HET-CAM technique. Hence, the optimized formulation (PF-NLCs-N6) may offer a safe and attractive nanotechnological tool in topical treatment of local inflammation on mucosal diseases.
Table 1. Solubility of pranoprofen in different solid lipids and liquid lipids.
| Lipid raw materials | Solubility (0.1% PF) | Appearance (0.1% PF) | Solubility (0.5% PF) | Appearance (0.5% PF) | Solubility (1.0% PF) | Appearance (1.0% PF) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SOLID LIPIDS | ||||||
| Stearic acid | - | Semi-solid | - | Semi-solid | - | Semi-solid |
| Precifac® ATO | - | Hard | - | Hard | - | Hard |
| Compritol® 888 ATO | - | Soft | - | Soft | - | Soft |
| Lanette®18 | + | Hard | + | Hard | - | Hard |
| Precirol®ATO 5 | + | Hard | + | Hard | - | Hard |
| Gelucire® 44 | + | Semi-solid | - | Semi-solid | - | Semi-solid |
| Geleol® | - | Soft | - | Soft | - | Soft |
| LIQUID LIPIDS | ||||||
| Isopropyl myristate | + | Clear solution | - | Precipitation | - | Precipitation |
| Plantacare oil | + | Clear solution | + | Clear solution | - | Precipitation |
| Miglyol® 812 | + | Clear solution | - | Precipitation | - | Precipitation |
| Rose mosqueta oil | + | Clear solution | - | Precipitation | - | Precipitation |
| Jojoba oil | + | Clear solution | - | Precipitation | - | Precipitation |
| Castor oil | + | Clear solution | + | Clear solution | - | Precipitation |
| LAS (PEG-8 Caprylic/Capric Glycerides) | + | Clear solution | + | Clear solution | + | Clear solution |
+ pranoprofen is soluble; − pronoprofen is insoluble.
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Rincón, M.; Espinoza, L.C.; Silva-Abreu, M.; Sosa, L.; Pesantez-Narvaez, J.; Abrego, G.; Calpena, A.C.; Mallandrich, M. Quality by Design of Pranoprofen Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers and Their Ex Vivo Evaluation in Different Mucosae and Ocular Tissues. Pharmaceuticals 2022, 15, 1185.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15101185