Sodium Starch Glycolate as a Superdisintegrant – Review Article

Sodium starch glycolate (SSG) is most widely used excipient in the field of pharmaceutical sciences. SSG is extensively used as a superdisintegrant in different drug formulations. This review article aims to discuss chemistry, synthesis, level used as superdisintegrant, different types of SSG’s and various physicochemical properties. SSG available as different brands i.e Primojel, Explotab and Vivastar with different properties. Excipient, generally considered as an inert component, are of great importance in drug product development. Interchange between different suppliers can lead to final products with different quality attributes.

Introduction

Pharmaceutical tablets are normally manufactured by the quick compression of a multi-component powder
section containing a drug and excipients. The tablets must display certain particulars such as quality, friability, disintegration, substance consistency. The prerequisite of a dosage form to adhere to such details has led to the improvement of an extensive variety of excipients which can impart specific tablet properties, for example, microcrystalline cellulose as a binder can be utilized to enhance quality. The disintegration profiles of pharmaceutical tablets can be adjusted by the addition of a ”super-disintegrant.” These polymeric-based materials, for example, (SSG), croscarmellose sodium, and crospovidone experience volume expansion when in contact with water, bringing about quick deterioration of the tablet matrix.

Disintegrants are substances or mixture of substances added to the drug formulations, which facilitate dispersion or breakup of tablets and contents of capsules into smaller particles for quick dissolution. Superdisintegrants, are those substances, which facilitate the faster disintegration with smaller quantity in contrast to disintegrants. Starch is a complex, naturally occurring material which can be utilized in tablet and capsule formulations as a binder, diluent, and disintegrant. The compaction and disintegration properties of starches have been accounted for to be reliant on source. Starch, and modified starches, can be considered as somewhat crystalline materials; however, the properties of starches are further convoluted by the nearness of other minor parts, for example, lipids.

Starch granules commonly comprise of two polymers, amylose, which is shapeless, and amylopectin, which is semicrystalline. This has evident ramifications for the structure of SSGs, since amylose and amylopectin can be carboxymethylated during the manufacturing process. SSG is a cross-linked substituted potato starch, which is utilized as a disintegrant as a part of pharmaceutical tablets and capsules. In chemical terms, SSG is described as the sodium salt of a carboxymethylether of starch. Two chemical modification processes carried out to derive SSG from starch: substitution to increase hydrophilicity and cross-linking to reduce gel formation and solubility upon contact with water. The material is accessible from a few manufacturers under trade names, for example, Primojel, Explotab and Vivastar. In the instances of Primojel and Explotab, the materials are prepared by the response of potato starch with Na chloroacetate. Be that as it may, it is not clear whether the potato starch is crosslinked before or after substitution. On account of Vivastar P, the material is cross-linked by means of the Na carboxylate groups and starch alcohol group after substitution. Sodium starch glycolate is the sodium salt of carboxymethyl ether. Starch glycolates are of rice, potato,wheat or corn inception.

Sodium starch glycolate is the sodium salt of carboxymethyl ether. Starch glycolates are of rice, potato, wheat or corn inception. Sodium starch glycoate is a white to off-white, bland, odorless, moderately free streaming powder. Sodium starch glycolate is utilized as a pharmaceutical review dissolution excipient for tablets and capsules. Sodium starch glycolate absorbs water quickly, bringing about swelling which prompts fast breaking down of tablets and granules. It is utilized as a disintegrant, a suspending agent and as a gelling agent. Without a disintegrant, tablets may not dissolve suitably and may impact the amount of active ingredient absorbed, The material is available from various manufacturers under several different trade names, such as Explotab, Primojel, and Vivastar.

Download the full research paper here: REVIEW ARTICLE – SODIUM STARCH GLYCOLATE AS A SUPERDISINTEGRANT

Aneela Manzoor Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
ISSN 2521-0521 JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PHARMACY Volume 5: Issue 1: 2021 jcponline.pk

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