Microneedle

The lymphatic system is active in several processes that regulate human diseases, among which cancer progression stands out. Thus, various...

In vitro permeation studies play a crucial role in early formulation optimisation before extensive animal model investigations. Biological membranes are typically...

Abstract Nanobody molecules, derived from heavy-chain only antibodies in camelids, represent the next generation of biotherapeutics. In addition to low...

Hydrogel-forming microneedles (HF-MNs) are composed of unique cross-linked polymers that are devoid of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) within the...

Abstract Microneedle drug delivery has recently emerged as a clinical method, and dissolving microneedles (DMNs) offer exclusive simplicity and efficiency,...

Abstract Circadian rhythms influence a range of biological processes within the body, with the central clock or suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)...

Abstract Ocular drug delivery is challenging due to the presence of tissue barriers and clearance mechanisms. Most widely used topical...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a joint-destructive autoimmune disease that severely affects joint function. Despite the variability of treatment protocols, all...

Abstract Microneedles have garnered considerable attention over the years as a versatile pharmaceutical platform that could be leveraged to deliver...

The lymphatic system possesses the main viral replication sites in the body following viral infection. Unfortunately, current antiretroviral agents penetrate...