Polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan-polyethylene glycol-glycerol incorporated with Peganum harmala loaded in lipid nanocapsules as an elastic nanocomposite surgical sealant to control bleeding

Uncontrolled hemorrhage remains a critical threat in trauma and surgery. This study developed a novel hemostatic composite by encapsulating Peganum harmala L. seed extract (PH) with known hemostatic properties into lipid nanocapsules (PH-LNCs) and then embedding them within a polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan-polyethylene glycol-glycerol (PVA-CS-PEG-G) matrix. The composite was physically crosslinked via the dual processes of freezing-thawing and thermally crosslinking for robust mechanical properties reaching 0.434 ± 0.014 MPa and elasticity of 40.685 % ± 4.04.

It also demonstrated excellent biocompatibility, surface morphology, physical stability, and ex-vivo skin deposition/permeation were assessed. The characterization of PH-LNCs revealed optimal PH-LNC formation and successful integration into the composite with particle size, zeta potential, and PDI were approximately 45.45 ± 24 nm, −16.3 ± 1.4 mV, and 0.374 ± 0.1, respectively.

In vitro studies highlighted enhanced blood clotting and platelet adhesion, while in vivo experiments confirmed superior hemostatic efficacy in a mouse tail amputation model. The composite’s soft texture, conformability, and mechanical strength make it a promising candidate for effective traumatic wound management.

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Materials

The dried mature seeds of Peganum harmala L. (PH) were purchased from a nearby Egyptian market, extracted, and identified following previously described [45,46,48]. Labrafac® WR 1349 was a gift from the French company Gattefosse TM. The following items were bought from Sigma-Aldrich (Germany): Solutol HS15® (Kolliphor HS 15) (PEG-hydroxystearate), silicone oil, methanol (HPLC quality), sodium hydroxide, HPLC grade ethanol, and acetonitrile. Polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG 4000; LR grade, MW 3500–4000) was obtained.

Amany A. Aboomeirah, Mohamed Fawzi Kabil, Hassan Mohamed El-Said Azzazy, Polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan-polyethylene glycol-glycerol incorporated with Peganum harmala loaded in lipid nanocapsules as an elastic nanocomposite surgical sealant to control bleeding, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2024, 135987, ISSN 0141-8130, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135987.

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