Abstract Insulin therapy is the mainstay to treat diabetes characterizedd by hyperglycemia. However, its short half-life of only 4–6 min limits its effectiveness in treating chronic diabetes. Advances in recombinant DNA technology and…

Insulin is classified as a cold chain product due to being a peptide hormone with stability issues in the liquid preparation. Therefore, insulin was developed into the dry powder form to improve the stability and application for…

Since 1922, insulin has saved the lives of countless people. However, the difficulties of subcutaneous administration, the need for frequent glucose self-monitoring, and the non-physiological action profiles of insulin prompted many medical…

Despite several novel and innovative approaches, clinical translation of oral insulin delivery into commercially viable treatment is still challenging due to its poor absorption and rapid degradation in GIT. Thus, an insulin-SDS hydrophobic…

Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by a hyperglycemic condition which can either be caused by the destruction of the beta cells or by the resistance developed against insulin in the cells. Insulin is a peptide hormone that regulates the…

In spite of recent progress made in the field of peptide and protein delivery, oral administration of insulin and similar drugs remains a challenge. In this study, lipophilicity of insulin glargine (IG) was successfully increased via…

Aloe vera gel and whole leaf materials, as well as polysaccharides, precipitated from the gel, have previously been shown to enhance macromolecular drug delivery across epithelial tissues. This study investigated the effectiveness of…

Compared to subcutaneous injections, oral administration of insulin would be a preferred route of drug administration for diabetic patients. For oral delivery, both liposomes and alginate hydrogels face many challenges, including early…

Introduction Insulin plays a critical role in metabolism modulation including carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism. There is room to improve insulin delivery but optimizing the best carrier remains challenging. Traditional and…

Abstract Microneedles have the clinical advantage of being able to deliver complex drugs across the skin in a convenient and comfortable manner yet haven’t successfully transitioned to medical practice. Diabetes mellitus is a complicated…