Utilization of a nanostructured lipid carrier encapsulating pitavastatin–Pinus densiflora oil for enhancing cytotoxicity against the gingival carcinoma HGF-1 cell line

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common epithelial tumor of the oral cavity. Gingival tumors, a unique type of OSCC, account for 10% of these malignant tumors. The antineoplastic properties of statins, including pitavastatin (PV), and the essential oil of the Pinus densiflora leaf (Pd oil) have been adequately reported. The goal of this investigation was to develop nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) containing PV combined with Pd oil and to determine their cytotoxicity against the cell line of human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1). A central composite quadratic design was adopted to optimize the nanocarriers. The particle size and stability index of the nano-formulations were measured to evaluate various characteristics.

TEM analysis, the entrapment efficiency, dissolution efficiency, and the cytotoxic efficiency of the optimized PV-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier drug delivery system (PV-Pd-NLCs) were evaluated. Then, the optimal PV-Pd-NLCs was incorporated into a Carbopol 940® gel base and tested for its rheological features and its properties of release and cell viability. The optimized NLCs had a particle size of 98 nm and a stability index of 89%. The gel containing optimum PV-Pd-NLCs had reasonable dissolution efficiency and acceptable rheological behavior and acquired the best cytotoxic activity against HGF-1 cell line among all the formulations developed for the study. The in vitro cell viability studies revealed a synergistic effect between PV and Pd oil in the treatment of gingival cancer. These findings illustrated that the gel containing PV-Pd-NLCs could be beneficial in the local treatment of gingival cancer.

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Materials

PV was obtained from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). P. densiflora (Pd) essential oil was procured from the Tedia Company (Fairfield, OH, USA). Various other reagents and chemicals, such as glyceryl distearate (Precirol®), caprylocaproyl polyoxyl-8 glyceride (Labrasol®), propylene glycol monocaprylate (Capryol 90®), and a mixture of glyceryl ricinoleate and ethoxylated fatty alcohols (Ovucire®), were obtained from Gattefosse (Saint-Priest, France). Ethanol, chloroform, acetonitrile, and methanol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The HGF-1 cell lines were a gift from the Ajia Biological Laboratories (Cairo, Egypt). All other solvents, chemicals, and reagents used were of analytical grade.

Also named in this study: Geleol, Suppocire

Raed I. Felimban, Hossam H. Tayeb, Adeel G Chaudhary, Majed A. Felemban, Fuad H. Alnadwi,Sarah A. Ali, Jazia A. Alblowi, Eman ALfayez, Deena Bukhary, Mohammed Alissa &Safa H. Qahl, Utilization of a nanostructured lipid carrier encapsulating pitavastatin–Pinus densiflora oil for enhancing cytotoxicity against the gingival carcinoma HGF-1 cell line, Pages 83-96 | Received 06 Sep 2022, Accepted 28 Nov 2022, Published online: 12 Dec 2022, https://doi.org/10.1080/10717544.2022.2155269 CrossMark LogoCrossMark