A review on co-processed excipients used in direct compression of tablet dosage form

Co-processed excipients may enhance functionality and reduce drawbacks of traditional excipients for the manufacture of tablets on a commercial scale. The following study aimed to characterize a range of co-processed excipients that may prove suitable for dispersible tablet formulations prepared by direct compression. The dosage form that is used the most is tablets. Their accessibility, simplicity of administration, consistency, and affordability are advantages. Direct compression is the most straightforward method for making tablets, despite the fact that it comes with several challenges, including those connected to the homogeneity and mass variation of the content, disintegration, dissolution, and the radial hardness of the tablets.

In today’s world, “co-processed excipients,” which include frequently processed mixtures of fillers, binders, disintegrants, lubricants, and other excipients, are becoming more popular. Spray drying, fluid bed granulation, wet granulation, melt granulation, dry granulation, and co-crystallization are used to create these mixes. This review article lists technologies, co-processed excipients that are commercially available, and excipients that are typically utilized to make them.

Co-processed excipients	Trade name	Manufacturer	Advantages
Mannitol, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose	Pearlitol	Roquette	Used in direct compression of controlled oral tablets, binder
Microcrystalline cellulose, colloidal silicon dioxide	Dicom Sanaq® SP206	Pharmatrans Sanaq	Used in direct compression of hygroscopic and moisture sensitive apis and has excellent flow properties
Lactose monohydrate, cellulose micro crystalline	Dicom Sanaq ML 011	Pharmatrans Sanaq	Enhance the stability and effectiveness during manufacturing product process and high compressibility, superior dilution properties and rapid disintegrating
Spray granulated d-mannitol and croscarmellose sodium	Parteck® ODT	Merck	Directly compressible excipient designed for orally disintegrating tablets and provided rapid disintegration and exceptional strength as well as a pleasant taste and mouthfeel
Hypromellose and lactose	Retalac®	Meggle	Improved flow and bendability, enhancing compatibility in direct compression
70 % alpha-lactose monohydrate, 20 % microcrystalline cellulose (mcc) and 10 % white, native corn starch	Combilac®	Meggle	Improved compaction properties compared to an equivalent admixture of individual ingredients, providing robust tablets with minimal friability, and assuring rapid, hardness independent tablet disintegration for effective api release
Microcrystalline cellulose, colloidal silicon dioxide, mannitol, fructose, crospovidone	Prosolv® ODT G2	JRS Pharma	Smooth and creamy mouthfeel, Excellent flowability, excellent blending characteristics for improved content uniformity, High patient compliance
Crospovidone, dextrose monohydrate, mannitol, monohydrate lactose	Disintequik™ ODT	Kerry	Direct tableting operations for use in orally disintegrating tablets. It can be blended with a flavor, active, suitable lubricant, additional sweetener if desired
Microcrystalline cellulose, monohydrate lactose	Disintequik MCC	Kerry	Direct tableting operations where hard tablets and fast disintegration are required.
Carmellose, crospovidon, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose	Granfiller-D	Daicel Group and Nichirin-Chem	Direct compression odts, high tablet hardness and rapid disintegration
Calcium carbonate & polyvinyl pyrrolidone	Dicom-DC® S-604	Gangwal Healthcare Private Limited	Excellent flowability, better compressibility & uniform particle size distribution.
Sucrose 3%, dextrin microcrystalline Cellulose, silicon dioxide	Dipa prosolv	Penwest Pharmaceuticals Company	Directly compressible, better flow, reduced sensitivity to Wet granulation, better hardness of tablet, reduced friability
Lactose and cellulose	Cellactose	Meggle	High compressibility, good mouth feels, better tableting at low cost
Sucrose and dextrin	Dipac	Penwest pharm	Directly compressible grade
Microcrystalline cellulose and silicon dioxide	Prosolv	Penwest pharmaceuticals	Better flow, reduced sensitivity to wet granulation, better hardness of tablet, reduced friability
Microcrystalline cellulose and guar gum	Avicel CE-15	FMC Corp.	Less grittiness and minimal chalkiness
Calcium carbonate and sorbitol	Formaxx	Merck	High compressibility, excellent taste masking, free flow, superior content uniformity, controlled particle size distribution
Microcrystalline cellulose and lactose	Microcelac	Meggle	Capable of formulating high dose, small tablets with Poorly flowable active ingredients
Lactose and maize starch	Starlac	Meggle	Good flowability due to spray drying, the acceptable crushing force due to lactose content and rapid disintegration
Lactose, 3.2 % Kallidone Kallidone CL	Ludipress	BASF, Ludwigshafen, Germany	Low degree of hygroscopicity, good flowability, tablet hardness independent of machine speed
Lactose, 25 % cellulose	Cellactose	Meggle	Highly compressible, good Mouthfeel, better tableting at low cost

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Paka Bhavana and M Sunitha Reddy, A review on co-processed excipients used in direct compression of tablet dosage form, Department of Pharmaceutics, Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences, JNTUH UCEST, JNTUH, Hyderabad, Telangana-500085, India. GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2023, 23(01), 212–219
Publication history: Received on 06 January 2023; revised on 17 April 2023; accepted on 20 April 2023, Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2023.23.1.0100