Antipsychotics-Loaded Nanometric Emulsions for Brain Delivery
Antipsychotic drugs have numerous disabling side effects, and many are lipophilic, making them hard to formulate at high strength. Incorporating them into nanometric emulsions can increase their solubility, protect them from degradation, and increase their brain delivery, being a promising strategy to overcome the current treatment gap. A thorough review was performed to assess the true potential of these formulations for antipsychotic drugs brain delivery. Intranasal administration was preferred when compared to oral or intravenous administration, since it allowed for direct brain drug transport and reduced systemic drug distribution, having increased efficacy and safety. Moreover, the developed systems increased antipsychotic drug solubility up to 4796 times (when compared to water), which is quite substantial. In the in vivo experiments, nanometric emulsions performed better than drug solutions or suspensions, leading to improved brain drug targeting, mainly due to these formulation’s excipients (surfactants and cosolvents) permeation enhancing capability, added to a small droplet size, which leaves a large surface area available for drug absorption to occur. Thus, even if it is difficult to conclude on which formulation composition leads to a best performance (high number of variables), overall nanometric emulsions have proven to be promising strategies to improve brain bioavailability of antipsychotic drugs.
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Following excipients are mentioned in the study beside others: Tween 80, Capmul MCM, Maisine CC, Labrasol, Labrafil M 1944, Capryol 90, Pemulen TR, Olive oil, Transcutol P, Chitosan, TPGS, Kolliphor P 188, Kolliphor HS 15, Kolliphor Rh40, Carbopol 934, Carbopol 971
Pires, P.C.; Paiva-Santos, A.C.; Veiga, F. Antipsychotics-Loaded Nanometric Emulsions for Brain Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022, 14, 2174.
https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14102174